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About the Authors

Gaynetdinova D.D. – Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Professor of the Department of Neurology, Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russia

Afandieva L.Z. – PhD, Assistant Professor of the Department of Neurology, Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russia

Abstract

Cerebral palsy has traditionally been considered a static brain injury; however, contemporary evidence supports a more complex pathophysiology involving chronic immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation. Of particular interest are the spastic forms of Cerebral palsy, which are associated with significant motor impairments and limitations in functional activity. The present study investigated the relationship between inflammatory changes and the degree of motor dysfunction in young children. Systemic inflammation was identified, characterized by activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms and alterations in cellular immunity. A significant increase in TNF-α levels — a key pro-inflammatory cytokine — was found, demonstrating a strong association with the severity of motor impairments. The study also revealed elevated TNF-α levels in oral fluid, opening up possibilities for non-invasive monitoring of inflammatory activity in children with Cerebral palsy. These findings indicate the involvement of neuroimmune processes in the clinical presentation of spastic Cerebral palsy and suggest that TNF-α may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. This provides a foundation for developing new approaches to early diagnosis and modulation of inflammatory responses in children with perinatal brain injury.

Keywords

Cerebral palsy, spasticity, TNF-α, neuroinflammation.

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